Strategy to Improve Recycling Yield of Aluminium Cans

Millions of canned drinks are consumed everyday globally and their wastes create an enviromental issue. Fortunately, the cans are made from aluminium (Al) so that it can be recycled. There are two main keypoints existing during the recycling process of Al cans, i.e. the aluminium loss or low Al-yield and low recycling yield. This work outlines the strategies to improve the recycling perfomance for Al beverage cans, i.e. by adding drossing flux, applying improved melting strategy, and cans decoating prior to melting. Drossing flux was added to assist the detachment of Al from the slag. Another improved melting strategy was worked out by decreasing exposure time cans to the furnace atmosphere during melting. All those above strategies result in an increase of recycle yield in a range of 4 % to 5 %

Pengaruh Lingkungan Terhadap Efisiensi Inhibisi Asam Askorbat (Vitamin C) Pada Laju Korosi Tembaga

Corrosion rate can be reduced by adding inhibitor and inhibition efficiency is a measure if its ability to suppress corrosion. The result of the immersion tests show that the inhibition efficiencies are different on each environment. Addition of 50 ppm of ascorbic acid results in the highest efficiency for NaC1 and CaCO3 environment while for Ca SO4 environment needs 100 ppm

Studi Perbandingan Kinerja Anoda Korban Paduan Aluminium Dengan Paduan Seng Dalam Lingkungan Air Laut

There are two kinds of sacrificial anodes available to protect steel structure in the marine environment; they are zinc and aluminum alloy. This research studies their performance by conducting galvanic corrosion test in the substitute ocean water. The performance evaluated covers potential of protection, galvanic current, capacity and efficiency, the rate of anode consumption, the induction time, and their corrosion form. The result shows that aluminum alloy has galvanic current and anode capacity higher than the zinc alloy. It is also found that this alloy gives the higher efficiency and shows the lower anode consumption rate than the zinc alloy. From the macro photographs, it is found that these two alloys corrode locally by pitting formation

Optimization of fused deposition modeling parameters for hips flexural strength with Taguchi method

Abstract. HIPS (High Impact Polystyrene) is one of the materials used in 3D printing. Research and application of the use of this material have not been done much, especially in the applications that require flexural strength. This study aims to find a combination of FDM (Fused Deposition Modelling) process parameter settings, that produce experiments with the highest flexural strength, with the optimization process using the experimental design of the Taguchi method with FDM parameters namely the orientation position of the specimen, fill pattern, fill density, and layer. The results showed the confirmation experiment produced the highest flexural strength (32.6753 MPa). In the experiment before confirmation, the highest flexural strength (31,3768 MPa) was shown in experiment number 5 (3rd orientation position, fill pattern lattice, 75% fill density, and 0.125 mm layer thickness)

OPTIMIZATION OF FUSED DEPOSITION MODELING PARAMETERS FOR HIPS FLEXURAL STRENGTH WITH TAGUCHI METHOD

HIPS (High Impact Polystyrene) is one of the materials used in 3D printing. Research and application of the use of this material have not been done much, especially in the applications that require flexural strength. This study aims to find a combination of FDM (Fused Deposition Modelling) process parameter settings, that produce experiments with the highest flexural strength, with the optimization process using the experimental design of the Taguchi method with FDM parameters namely the orientation position of the specimen, fill pattern, fill density, and layer. The results showed the confirmation experiment produced the highest flexural strength (32.6753 MPa). In the experiment before confirmation, the highest flexural strength (31,3768 MPa) was shown in experiment number 5 (3rd orientation position, fill pattern lattice, 75% fill density, and 0.125 mm layer thickness)

PROCESSING AND MATERIALS EFFICIENCY IN FUSED DEPOSITION MODELING: A COMPARATIVE STUDY ON PARTS MAKING USING ABS AND PLA POLYMERS

There are alot of materials available on market to make a 3D printing part, shuch as ABS, PLA, HIPS, PETG and others. On 3D printing product there are some responses that could be observeb. Some of responses are processing time, mechanical properties dimension accuracy and others. This research is conducted to compare the ABS and PLA efficiency on fused deposition modeling process. Processing time and material consumption are the factor that used in this research to compare the eficiency between ABS and PLA. Processing time, and material consumption were the responses that were measured. The study reports that both of processing time and material consumption using ABS as a printing material was found more efficient compared with using PLA. Printing process using ABS was 2661 seconds, which was faster than using the PLA was 2808 seconds. For the material consumption, show that the average mass of ABS was 7,33 grams compared with using PLA was 8,17 grams. The estimated value of the Axon is always greater than the value of the time recording process and measurement of the mass printing result

The Reinforcing Effect of Sugar Palm Fiber on PP

Natural fibers have the ability to reinforce polymeric materials. In this work, sugar palm fibers were added as a reinforcement agent to a polypropylene (PP) matrix to form biocomposites. Flexural strength measurement in accordance with ASTM D790-17 was carried out on PP composites with the sugar palm fiber content changed from 0 to 30 wt.% in 5 wt.% steps. The flexural strength data show a composition dependence on the fiber content with a maximum (52.09 MPa) obtained in 15 wt.% fibers. Sugarcane bagasse-PP composite together with wood board composite and neat PP as existing materials by the automotive industry were used as reference materials in the study. These sugar palm fiber-PP composites offer lower density in comparison with wood board composites and PP. The area density of the composites is in the range of 1285-1635 g/m2 for the composition studied while PP and wood board have area densities of 1466 g/m2 and 1700 g/m2 respectively

Open windows for natural airflow and environmental noise reduction

For buildings in tropical climates, the use of open windows for natural ventilation can not only provide low cost and low energy comfort but also provide thermal delight for occupants. However open windows let in environmental noise. The size and location of windows in walls are key but this study set out to determine whether there are any window forms that can effectively reduce the level of sound ingress into a building. A top-hung window was chosen for this study looking at the dimensions of the window opening and its orientation in relation to the environmental noise source. The top-hung form was selected for its potential to balance the functions of allowing airflow while potentially blocking and reducing noise levels with its window pane angle. The window pane was tested in a laboratory at three opening angles: 0� (closed), 5�, and 10� to let the outdoor air in. The angles were also tested in three different orientations in relation to the noise source position: perpendicular, sideways 60�, and sideways 90�. The test was conducted at 1/3 octave band frequency as specified by ASTM E90-09 to obtain the transmission loss, then ASTM E1332-90 was referred to calculate the outdoor-indoor transmission class (OITC) of the specimens.The study revealed that window orientation and extent of the openings and window pane angle have little effect on noise reduction. The paper concludes with a discussion of how higher levels of natural ventilation can be achieved, particularly in noisy urban areas. The top-hung window, once open, barely blocks environmental noise. However, when the window was closed, the perpendicular orientation offered more noise reduction when compared windows placed sideways to the noise source. The adjustable pane-angle of a top-hung window placed perpendicular to the airflow, and thus the noise source, seemed to have the most potential to balance the functions of allowing airflow when opened and reducing significant noise when closed. Nonetheless, an open window that through its design alone can significantly reduce the ingress of ambient noise into a building is still an issue

Frame effects on OITC of fixed and open glass windows

The effect of a frame around glass fixed windows on outdoor-indoor transmission class (OITC) was studied here. Three frame materials were selected, i.e. timber, Aluminum and unplasticized Poly Vinyl Chloride (uPVC). The use of real open window (to differentiate it from partially open double layered window) for natural ventilation was also studied. The top hung style was selected due to common usage and the possibility of noise blockage by the shutter. Laboratory test complies with ASTM E-90 was employed. The study showed that weight and density, which play significant roles in sound insulation quality of a material was not borne out for the window frame. Here, timber as the heaviest material gave lowest OITC and transmission loss (TL) contour. This was due to the absence of sealant and rubber strips which are unusual for timber caused by large thermal expansion coefficient. Top hung openings of 5 and 10 showed similar transmission loss contours, but the OITC of the 5 open window was slightly higher than the 10